How can dogs get ear infections?

Dog’s constant head shaking or quiet whimper while scratching their ear might seem like a small annoyance, but it often points to something more—an ear infection. These uncomfortable issues pop up more often than many owners expect, and figuring out what causes them is key to keeping your pup happy and healthy.

Floppy-eared breeds like Cocker Spaniels or Basset Hounds are extra prone to ear infections—their long ears trap moisture and dirt, creating the perfect environment for bacteria or yeast to grow. Even dogs with upright ears can get infected, though, especially after activities like swimming at the local dog park or bath time. If you don’t dry their ears thoroughly afterward, that leftover dampness can spark irritation fast. Also, check your area’s pet care regulations—some regions require regular grooming checks (including ear exams) for dogs in public spaces, so staying on top of cleanings keeps you compliant too.

Allergies are one of the most common triggers for recurring ear infections in dogs. Food allergies, often to ingredients like chicken or grains, can cause inflammation that spreads to the ears. Environmental allergies—think pollen from neighborhood oak trees or dust mites in your couch—do the same. When a dog scratches their itchy ears too much, they break the skin, letting germs sneak in. If you notice your pup shaking their head nonstop or rubbing their ear on the carpet, don’t wait to check—catching allergies early can stop infections before they start.

Poor grooming habits or using the wrong products can also lead to trouble. Using cotton swabs deep inside a dog’s ear can push dirt further in or damage the delicate ear canal, making it easier for infections to take hold. Stick to vet-recommended ear cleaners instead—they’re designed to break down wax without irritation. For dogs with thick ear hair, regular plucking helps air circulate. Just remember: some groomers need certification in certain areas, so ask to see their credentials to follow local pet care laws.

Ear mites are another culprit, especially in puppies or dogs that spend time around other animals. These tiny parasites burrow into the ear canal, causing intense itching and dark, crumbly discharge. If your dog picks up mites, you’ll need to treat them right away—not just for the dog’s comfort, but because some areas require reporting of contagious pet conditions to prevent spread. Your vet can prescribe a safe treatment, and they’ll also check if the mites have already led to an infection.

By knowing what causes ear infections, you can help keep your dog’s ears healthy and avoid costly vet visits. Stick to regular cleanings, watch for allergy signs, and follow local rules about pet care—your dog will thank you with fewer scratchy, uncomfortable days. And if you ever notice redness, a bad smell, or unusual discharge, don’t hesitate to call your vet—catching infections early makes treatment faster and easier.