How can I prevent my dog from getting epilepsy?

Worrying about your dog developing epilepsy can hang over you like a cloud, especially if you’ve seen a pup suffer through a seizure. It’s a scary thought—those sudden convulsions, the confusion afterward, the helplessness you feel. The truth is, some cases of epilepsy in dogs are hard to avoid, tied to genetics or things we can’t control. But there are steps you can take to lower the risk, giving your furry friend the best shot at staying seizure-free.

Start with their roots. If you’re getting a puppy, do your homework on the breeder. Reputable breeders screen their dogs for genetic conditions linked to epilepsy, avoiding pairs that might pass on those risky genes. It’s worth asking for health clearances and checking if the litter’s parents or siblings have a history of seizures. Adopting from a shelter? Ask about the dog’s background—while you might not get all the details, any info on past health issues can help you stay vigilant.

A steady, healthy lifestyle goes a long way. Dogs with unstable blood sugar or thyroid problems sometimes develop seizures, so feeding them a consistent, high-quality diet matters. Skip the table scraps, especially foods like chocolate or xylitol that are toxic—some toxins can trigger seizures or even damage the brain over time. Keep their weight in check too; obesity raises the risk of all sorts of health issues, including conditions that might contribute to epilepsy.

Regular vet visits are non-negotiable. Catching infections early—like viral or bacterial diseases that affect the brain—can prevent complications that lead to seizures. Your vet can also spot signs of liver or kidney disease, which sometimes play a role in epilepsy. Staying on top of vaccinations, as recommended by your vet, protects them from illnesses that might harm their nervous system. It’s not just about following guidelines; it’s about giving their body the support it needs to fight off trouble.

Minimizing head injuries helps too. Dogs who love to roughhouse, climb, or chase cars are more likely to take a hard knock to the head—and trauma there can sometimes lead to epilepsy later. Keep a close eye on them during play, especially around sharp objects or high ledges. Use a well-fitted harness on walks to avoid sudden jerks if they pull, and fence in your yard to keep them from darting into the street. Small steps to keep them safe can save them from big risks.

Stress and anxiety might not cause epilepsy directly, but they can worsen seizures in dogs who are prone to them. Creating a calm home environment—with regular routines, cozy resting spots, and plenty of quiet time—helps keep their nervous system balanced. If they get anxious during storms or fireworks, try a thunder shirt or a safe space like a closet lined with blankets. A relaxed dog is a healthier dog, in more ways than one.

No one can guarantee a dog will never get epilepsy, and that’s okay. What you can do is stack the odds in their favor with care that covers their body, mind, and spirit. Watch for warning signs—like sudden confusion, twitching, or staring into space—and act fast if you see them. With love, attention, and a little luck, you can help your dog live a long, seizure-free life.