How to tell if a dog has an ear infection?

Dogs can’t tell you when their ears hurt, but their actions often give clear clues that something’s wrong. One of the first signs is frequent scratching or rubbing at the ear—you might catch your pup pawing at their ear nonstop, or rubbing their head against the couch, carpet, or even your leg. Some dogs will also shake their head violently, like they’re trying to dislodge something inside. These behaviors aren’t just annoying; they’re your dog’s way of coping with the itch, pain, or pressure caused by an infection.

Another obvious sign is changes in the ear itself, like redness, swelling, or a strange odor. If you gently lift your dog’s ear flap (be careful—if it’s sore, they might flinch), you might see the inside looks bright red or pink instead of its usual pale color. There could also be discharge: it might be yellow, brown, or black, and have a yeasty or foul smell. For example, a floppy-eared breed like a Cocker Spaniel might have more discharge trapped because their ears don’t get as much air, making them prone to infections.

Local pet care laws often tie into recognizing and treating ear infections, as neglecting a dog’s pain or medical needs can be considered cruelty. In many areas, if an infection is left untreated and leads to more serious issues—like hearing loss or a ruptured eardrum—owners could face fines or even legal action. That’s why it’s key to act fast: if you spot these signs, schedule a vet visit right away. Vets can prescribe medication (like ear drops or antibiotics) and show you how to clean your dog’s ears safely, which fits with the cultural value of responsible pet ownership.

You might also notice changes in your dog’s behavior beyond scratching. They might avoid having their ears touched, even if they usually love belly rubs or head scratches. Some dogs become more irritable or lethargic—they might not want to play fetch or go for walks because moving their head hurts. Others might tilt their head to one side, like they’re trying to relieve pressure in the infected ear. These subtle shifts in mood or activity are easy to miss, but they’re just as important as physical signs.

By knowing what to look for, you can help your dog get relief before an ear infection gets worse. Remember, regular ear checks—especially for breeds with floppy or hairy ears—can prevent infections from starting in the first place. Wipe your dog’s ears with a vet-recommended cleaner after baths or trips to the park to remove dirt and moisture. Follow your vet’s advice for treatment, and stick to local laws that require keeping your pet healthy—this not only keeps your dog comfortable but also shows you’re a caring, responsible owner.