How to train a small dog to use a litter box?

For anyone with a tiny pup—whether it’s a Chihuahua, Pomeranian, or Shih Tzu—those sudden indoor accidents can feel like a never-ending hassle. Maybe you’re juggling a busy work schedule and can’t dash outside every time they need to go, or harsh winter weather makes late-night potty trips miserable for both of you. That’s where litter box training comes in—it’s a simple solution that keeps your home clean and your small dog comfortable, as long as you follow the right steps.

Start by picking the right litter box—look for one low enough for your small dog to step in easily, maybe with a shallow edge so they don’t hesitate. Place it in a quiet spot, not near their food or bed; dogs naturally avoid soiling where they eat and rest. If you live in an apartment, tuck it in a corner of the bathroom or laundry room—areas that feel private but still easy for your pup to access.

Watch for signs your dog needs to go, like sniffing the floor, circling, or pacing—these are cues to gently lead them to the litter box. Once they step in, use a calm, encouraging tone: “Good job, go potty!” If they use the box, reward them right away with a tiny treat or lots of pets—positive reinforcement helps them connect the action to a reward. If they have an accident, clean it up quietly without scolding; punishment can make them afraid to use the box later.

Choose a litter that’s safe for small dogs—avoid clumping litters that can stick to their paws or be ingested, which can cause health issues. Many owners opt for paper-based or wood pellet litter, which is gentle and easy to clean. Scoop the box daily to keep it fresh; dogs won’t use a dirty area, just like humans avoid messy bathrooms. Every week, empty the whole box, wash it with mild soap, and add fresh litter to keep things hygienic.

Remember to check local laws—some cities require pets to have proper waste disposal, and using a litter box helps you comply by containing waste instead of leaving it outside. If you rent, your lease might have rules about pet waste management, so a litter box keeps you in good standing with your landlord. It also helps if your dog is elderly or has mobility issues, letting them stay comfortable indoors without struggling to go outside.

Be patient—training takes time, especially for young puppies or rescue dogs who might not have used a litter box before. It could take a few weeks of consistent cues and rewards before they use the box reliably. Once they get the hang of it, a litter box makes life easier for both of you—no more late-night trips outside in the rain, and less stress for your pup when they need to go. Enjoy the convenience and the peace of mind knowing your dog is happy and compliant with local rules.