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What are the clinical signs of renal failure in dogs?

Dogs with renal failure often show subtle changes at first, easy to miss if you're not paying close attention. A once-food-motivated pup might start turning up their nose at meals, or pick at kibble they used to scarf down in minutes.

Dogs with renal failure often show subtle changes at first, easy to miss if you’re not paying close attention. A once-food-motivated pup might start turning up their nose at meals, or pick at kibble they used to scarf down in minutes. You might notice they’re drinking water like it’s going out of style—lapping up bowl after bowl, then needing to pee more frequently, even having accidents indoors despite being house-trained. These early signs, while common in aging dogs, shouldn’t be brushed off as “just getting old.”​

As the condition progresses, more obvious symptoms emerge. Lethargy creeps in; your dog might sleep longer, resist walks, or seem too tired to play with their favorite toy. Vomiting and diarrhea can start too, making mealtimes a stressful mess. Some dogs even develop ulcers in their mouth, leading to bad breath and reluctance to chew hard treats.​

Weight loss is another telltale sign. You might notice their ribs becoming more prominent when you groom them, or their waist narrowing significantly. This isn’t just about skipping a meal—it’s a steady, unexplained drop that happens even if they’re eating a little. Their coat might also lose its shine, looking dull and dry no matter how much you brush it.​

In advanced stages, renal failure can cause fluid buildup, making your dog’s abdomen look swollen or their legs feel puffy when you pet them. They might also seem confused or disoriented, wandering aimlessly or not responding as quickly to their name. Some develop seizures, a serious symptom that requires immediate veterinary care.​

If you spot any of these signs, don’t wait to call your vet. Renal failure can’t be cured, but early treatment can slow its progression and keep your dog comfortable for longer. In many places, like parts of Europe and North America, neglecting a pet’s medical needs can run afoul of animal welfare laws, so staying on top of health changes isn’t just kind—it’s legally important too.​

Your vet will likely run blood and urine tests to check kidney function. They might recommend a special diet low in protein and phosphorus, which helps reduce the workload on damaged kidneys. Fluids administered under the skin or intravenously can also help flush toxins from the body, easing some symptoms.​

Keeping an eye on your dog’s daily habits—how much they drink, eat, and play—can make all the difference. Those small, everyday observations are often the first clue that something’s wrong. With prompt care and attention, you can help your furry friend navigate this condition with as much joy and comfort as possible.

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