What causes degenerative joint disease in dogs?

Watching your dog struggle to jump on the couch or limp up the stairs is heart-wrenching. Degenerative joint disease (DJD), often called arthritis, isn't just an "old age" issue—it's a complex condition with multiple risk factors. Understanding what triggers DJD can help you take proactive steps to keep your furry friend mobile and pain-free.

Genetics play a significant role. Large and giant breeds like Great Danes and Mastiffs carry a higher risk due to their rapid growth and heavy body weight putting extra stress on joints. Mixed-breed dogs aren't immune either; certain genetic mutations can predispose them to joint problems. Responsible breeders follow strict health testing protocols required by local kennel clubs, but always ask for documentation if adopting a purebred.

Injuries can set the stage for future DJD. A torn ACL during a backyard play session or a fall from a height can damage joint cartilage. Even seemingly minor sprains left untreated can lead to abnormal wear over time. If your dog shows signs of lameness, it’s crucial to consult a vet immediately—many areas require pet owners to provide prompt medical care under animal welfare laws.

Obesity is another major contributor. Every extra pound multiplies the pressure on joints, especially in the hips and knees. With over 50% of dogs in Western households overweight, it’s essential to monitor food portions and ensure regular exercise. Check your local leash laws; many parks mandate leashes except in designated off-leash areas, but these spaces offer great opportunities for safe, active play.

Lifestyle factors matter too. Dogs living on hard floors without proper bedding are more likely to develop joint issues. Provide orthopedic beds and consider area rugs to reduce impact. Additionally, extreme activity levels—whether it’s excessive running on hard surfaces or repetitive jumping—can accelerate joint deterioration. Balancing exercise with rest periods is key.

Certain medical conditions also increase susceptibility. Hormonal imbalances like hypothyroidism can slow metabolism, leading to weight gain and subsequent joint stress. Some medications may have side effects that affect joint health. Always inform your vet about any supplements or drugs your dog is taking, as regulations around pet medications vary widely.

By recognizing these risk factors, you’re already taking the first step in protecting your dog’s joints. Remember, early intervention makes a world of difference. Whether it’s adjusting their diet, ensuring proper exercise, or seeking veterinary advice, every action counts in giving your four-legged companion a long, comfortable life.