What causes kennel cough?

Most dog owners first notice kennel cough when their pup starts making that distinctive honking sound—often after a trip to the dog park or a stay at a boarding facility. This common respiratory issue isn’t caused by a single thing; it’s usually a mix of viruses and bacteria. The parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica are the most frequent culprits, working together to irritate a dog’s throat and airways.

Dogs pick up these germs easily in places where lots of pups gather. Think crowded doggy daycares, grooming salons, or even busy sidewalks where dogs sniff each other’s noses. The germs spread through tiny droplets in the air when an infected dog coughs or sneezes, or by touching contaminated surfaces like water bowls or leashes. Even well-behaved dogs can catch it just by exploring areas where sick dogs have been.

It’s important to note that some areas in Europe and North America have rules about keeping dogs healthy in public spaces. Many boarding facilities and daycares require dogs to have a kennel cough vaccine before they can stay—this isn’t just a suggestion, but a compliance step to protect all pups. Skipping this vaccine might not only put your dog at risk but could also mean you’re breaking local pet care regulations, leading to fines in some regions.

Certain factors make dogs more likely to get kennel cough. Puppies under six months old, senior dogs, and those with weak immune systems are more vulnerable. Stress can also play a role—dogs that are nervous about being in new places, like a boarding kennel, may have lower immunity, making it easier for germs to take hold. Keeping your dog’s immune system strong with a balanced diet and regular vet check-ups can help lower their risk.

If your dog starts coughing, don’t wait to visit the vet—early treatment can keep kennel cough from turning into something more serious, like pneumonia. And remember, following local vaccine rules and avoiding overcrowded areas when your dog isn’t protected isn’t just about following the law; it’s about being a responsible pet owner. By staying informed and taking simple steps, you can help keep your furry friend healthy and happy.