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What kind of dogs get hip dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia starts with a simple problem: the hip joint doesn’t fit together quite right. Over time, this mismatch wears away cartilage, causes pain, and can make even short walks tough.

Hip dysplasia starts with a simple problem: the hip joint doesn’t fit together quite right. Over time, this mismatch wears away cartilage, causes pain, and can make even short walks tough. While any dog can develop it, certain breeds face higher risks—something breeders and owners across Europe and North America should keep in mind.

Large and giant breeds top the list. Think German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, and Golden Retrievers—dogs built with sturdy frames that put extra stress on their hips. Great Danes and Saint Bernards, with their massive size, often struggle too. Their rapid growth as puppies can outpace the joint’s development, increasing the chance of misalignment.

But it’s not just about size. Some medium breeds, like Bulldogs and Cocker Spaniels, also have higher rates. Bulldogs’ unique body structure, with broad hips and short legs, creates unusual pressure on the joints—a trait that’s become more pronounced with certain breeding practices. In the UK, kennel clubs now offer health screening programs to discourage breeding from dogs with hip issues.

Genetics play a big role, but environment matters too. Puppies fed too much, leading to rapid weight gain, put extra strain on developing hips. This is why vets in Scandinavia often advise controlled feeding schedules for high-risk breeds, even if owners are eager to see them grow big and strong.

Working dogs face additional risks. German Shepherds trained for police work or herding often put more stress on their hips through intense activity. In some European countries, working dog organizations require hip scoring before a dog can be registered for service—ensuring only healthy dogs pass on their genes.

Mixed breeds aren’t off the hook. A dog with a large-breed parent, even if they look smaller, can inherit the genetic tendency. Rescue groups in the US often recommend hip exams for adult mixed breeds that resemble high-risk types, especially if they show signs like reluctance to jump or a swaying gait.

Owners should know local regulations too. In parts of Canada, breeders must disclose hip dysplasia screening results to buyers—failure to do so can lead to legal action. This protects new owners from unexpected vet bills and encourages responsible breeding practices.

Whether you’re choosing a puppy or caring for an adult dog, awareness is key. For high-risk breeds, regular vet check-ups, moderate exercise, and a balanced diet can slow the condition’s progress. After all, a dog with healthy hips is one that can chase balls in the park, hike trails, and enjoy all the little joys that make life with a pup so wonderful.

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